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T. BACKELJAU.

AUTOMATIC GAS MOTOR.

No. 364,205. Patented June 7, 1887-.

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AUTOMATIC GAS MOTOR.

No. 364,205. l Patented June 7, 1887.

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T. BAGKELJAU.

AUTOMATIC GAS MOTOR.

No. 364,205. Patented June 7, 1887.

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THEOPHILE BAOKELJAU, OF MALINES, BELGIUM.

AUTOMATIC GAS-MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 364,205, dated June 7, 1887.

Application filed November 15, 1884. Serial No. 147,986.

(No model.) Patented in Belgium August .'1,18S4,No. 65,933; in Ggr.

many August 13, 1884, No. 35,102, and in England August 16,1?81, No.11,861.

rlhis invention relates to an automatic motor operated by the successive explosions of gas or of solid or liquid combustible or explosive substances pulverized or vaporized, and by the vacuum which follows these explosions. The explosive force acts directly on the workingparts without the use of any intermediate mechanism.

To clearly explain my invention so that others skilled in the' art may practice the saine, reference is made to the accompanying draw ings, which form part of this speciiicatiomand Figure l represents in sectional elevation a mixer such as hereinafter more fully described. Fig. 2 represents in sectional elevation an explosion-chamber in which is the igniter and the means for applying the force generated by the explosion to a force-pump. Fig. 3 represents in side elevation a rotary motor as driven in accordance with my invention.l Fig. 4 represents in sectional elevation a piston and cylinder driven in accordance with my invention, while Fig. 5 represents the motor applied to a large-size marine or other engine. Fig. 6 represents a detail View in section of the relative arrangement ofthe mixing and igniting chambers.

The apparatus comprises, first, an arrangement for receiving the chosen combustible or explosive substance, whatever it may be, and the substance for supporting the combustion,

`(such as oxygen or air;) second, a mixer, in

which the two substances are mixed together in suitable proportions, according to requirements; third, an igniter operating automatically and determining the explosions.

For the explosive gases l preferably employ illuminatinggas and air carbureted by combustible or explosive liquids. In order to produce powerful etects, it is preferable to employ liquid itself injected in the form of spray and vaporized at each explosion.

For the purpose of utilizing petroleum (or other common substances) I employ a special carburetor-not shown in the drawings, but which will be readily understood from the following description: The bottom of this carburetor is'filled with petroleum. The vessel itself 1s provided centrally with a tube open at both 1 ends and perforated with holes at its upper part.

At the center of this tube, and supported on the reservoir, is placed a small burner fed from the reservoir.

Around the central tube, andin contact with it, are grouped a suitable number of tubes of a lesser diameter, containing wicks which dip into the petroleum. The whole is surmounted by a funnel terminating at a pipe in communication with the beforementioned mixer. When the central burner is ignited, the heat 1t discngages is communicated to the small tubes by means of the central tube, and as large a quantity of gas as may be desired can thus be produced.` The gas is conducted through a tube, a, regulated bya cock, b, into the mixer A, and beneath thesurface of a li quid,C, placed therein, such liquid acting as a hydraulic valve. The gas passesup through thc liquid C and meets a regulated quantity of air, which is supplied through a second pipe governed by 4a cock or tap, e, by the adjustment of which the proportions of the explosive mixture are determined. In the pipe d of the mixingchamber a two-way valve, 0, is mounted, whichis adapted to regulate the flow of gas through the said pi pe, or through the branches n' n, which also connect therewith on each side thereof, and which may be provided with screwtapped ends to engage with suitable conducting-pipes.

The igniter consists of a spiral platinum wire, f, Iixed at the end of a small copper tube, g. lhe orifice of said tube which is nearest to the ignlter is almost closedby platinum gauze. lhe igniter may be placed either on the cylinder-covei1 or in any other suitable position.

rlhe ignlting-chamber consists, essentially, ot' a metallic cylinder or box, B, which has two pipes, g h, provided with valves j 7c, said pipes entering and connecting with the top portion of the cylinder B separate and apart from each other. The pipe .h is'connected with the top portion of the pipe t of the mixing-chamber roo A, as shown in Fig. 6, while the pipeg is connected to one of the branches a thereof. A suitable copper tube is attached or formed with the lower portion of the pipe g, which protrudes into the chamber B, and to which the platinum spiral f is secured, said pipe g being arranged adjacent to an opening, i, in the side of the cylinder B, which is adapted to be opened or closed, as desired, by means of a suitable valve. By the construction of the valve o as described the quant-ity of gas which flows into the explosion-chamber may be regulated as desired, independent of the valves]- k, which may be automatically-operating valves adapted to be opened or closed by the explo-V sion in the chamber B. This chamber B and mixing-chamber A are used togetherin varied forms in all of the applications of the motor without materially departing from the construction described.

In order that the working of the apparatus may be readily understood, I will describe it as applied to a suction and force pump, said pump being arranged as follows, reference being made to Fig. 2: y

The upper portion of the cylinder B is adapted to receive the explosive gas, while thelower or connected part, C, is provided with a branch pipe, E, which in turn is connected with the suction-pipe L. The lower part, E, is provided with a one-way valve, Z, beyond which is iixed an air-vessel, D, into which is passed the end of a force-pipe, G, terminating in a checker retaining valve, m. The cover of the cylinder B is perforated with two openings, the igniter f and pipe g being xed in one and the explosive-gassupply.tube 7L in the other, said pipes being governed by cocks 70j. Upon leaving the before-described mixer the explosive gas is forced into the cylinder through the tube h.

Beneath the igniter a small aperture, i, is provided, which serves for the initial ignition of the igniter. To put the apparatus in operation, the main gassupply pipe It is closed, and only a small quantity of gas is forced in through the platinum gauze at the end of tube g by means of a blower, or of the small pump xed to the cylinder, the aperture i beneath the igniter is opened and a light is applied to the igniter. The liame thusproduced renders said igniter incandescent. This having been accomplished, the aperturei is closed and the main gascoek j is opened, permitting the gas to pass into the cylinder B. The velocity of the gas will at first cause the igni ter to blaeken, but as soon as the velocity diminishes it becomes revivied toincandescence and inrlames and explodes the gas introduced into the cylinder. plosion causes the water to flow in from the water-supply pipe L, and at the same time a fresh charge of gas through tube h, which is in turn exploded, and the operation thus becomes automatic. After each detonation the products of combustion are expelled simultaneousl y with the water through the dis- The vacuum which follows this 'ex-V charge-valve Z. The water compresses the air contained in the air-vessel D, and also raises the valve min the force-pipe G, through which a portion of the water is discharged, while between the detonations the air contained in the air-vessel D expands and drives a further quantity of water out through the said forcepipe G.

It will be evident that if the explosive gas is supplied at sufficent pressure the continuous blower, or the air-pump, as shown at l?, Fig. 5, and before referred to as necessary for starting the apparatus, will not be requisite.

Inorder to prevent the heating of the cylinder B andto obtain aY continuous working, the cylinder may be inelosed within a second concentric cylinder, the space between said cylinders being filled with water supplied by the apparatus, said space being supplied-with suitable inlet and exhaust pipes.'

According to my invention the following advantages may be obtained:

First. The introduction ofthe gases into a cylinder withoutimmediately exploding them, notwithstanding the contact and presence of the platinum igniter in a state of ineandes cence.

Second. Effccting the incandeseence of the platinum, and, as a consequence, the ignition of the gases by varying meansm'that is to say, by augmenting or diminishing/the speed of the gases at the out-let on the/igniting focus according to' the arrangement of these foci, and by varying the mixture of the explosive substance supplied.

Third. The direct application of the force resulting Yfrom theY expansion of the gases Within a closed space to nearly all machines, among which may be specially named piston or rotary motors, suction, force, -and lire-ein gine pumps, marine engines or boat propellors, vacuum apparatus and compressors, forgn ing-hammers, stamping-mills, rock-cutters, perforators, and the like. For example, in Fig. 3 a rotary motor is shown fitted with pinions. The pressure from the explosioncylinder passes inte and through chamber I-I, and the gases finding an outlet through the valve at n, the vacuum produced causesv air to pass in through pipe o and valve p. Thus a continuous regular motion and a powerful motor of small size are obtained, physically Working without any mechanical distributing motion.

Fig. 4t represents an arrangement of pistonmotor, but more especially the adaptation of gaspower to percussion-tools. I is the explon sion-chamber, the explosion in which causes the piston .I to move, and when it has arrived at the end of its stroke, as indicated by dotted lines, the products of combustion exhaust through parts q into a casing, r, and, after raising a valve, e, pass out through the chimney KA The piston speed is regulated simply by the velocity at which the gases are introduced into the explosion-chamber I.

Fig. 5 represents the application of my mo IOO tor to au engine for propelling a boat. rlhe explosion of the gases takes place in the cylinder B, water is drawn in through L, and is forced ont through M upon the opening of a 5 valve xed in N.

The apparatus hereinabove described constitutes a novel means for the production of power, which is characterized by the collective parts forming a transportable whole, its

Io advantages being simplicity, cheapness, and

leconomy in its Working.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-V l. In a gas-engine, the combination, with a 15 mixingchamber having independent inlets for gas and air and a single outlet, of a separate ignitingchamber containing a metallic igniter adapted to be heated to incandcscence by each successive supply of gas, and thereby to explode the same, substantially as described. 2. The combination, with the mixingcham ber, the igniting-chamber, a connecting-pipe,

and a metallic igniter, of the opening 11 in the igniting-chamber, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

THEOPHILE BACKELJAU.

Vitnesses:

GEO. HUMMER, H. C. DOWNIE. 

